4. Netty 初认识 --AIO 编程

通过上篇博文我们已能发现 NIO 编程难度确实比同步阻塞 BIO 大很多,而且之前的 NIO 并没有考虑"半包读","半包写"，如果加上这些,会更加复杂,那为什么 NIO 使用越来越广泛，它的优点如下:

1. 客户端发起的连接操作是异步的,可以通过在多路复用器注册 OP_CONNECT 等待后续结果,不需要像之前的客户端那样被同步阻塞。

2. SocketChannel 的读写操作都是异步的，如果没有可读写的数据它不会同步等待，直接返回，这样 I/O 通信线程就可以处理其他的链路,不需要同步等待这个链路可用。

3. 线程模型的优化:由于 JDK 的 Selector 在 Linux 等主流操作系统上通过 epoll 实现,它没有连接句柄数的限制(只受限于操作系统的最大句柄数或者对单个进程的句柄限制),这意味着一个 Selector 线程可用同时处理成千上万个客户端连接，而且性能不会随着客户端的增加而线性下降，一会那次，它非常适合做高性能、高负载的网络服务器。

   JDK1.7 升级了 NIO 类库,升级后的 NIO 类库被称为 NIO2.0,引人注目的是,java 正式提供了异步文件 I/O 操作，同时提供了与 UNIX 网络编程事件驱动 I/O 对应的 AIO; 它不需要通过多路复用器 Selector 对注册的通道进行轮询操作即可实现异步读写。下面以 AIO 举例上篇文章的客户端连接服务器获取当前时间。

NIO2.0 提供了异步文件通道和异步套接字通道的实现，异步通道提供两种方式后去操作结果:

通过 java.util.concurrent.Future 类来标识异步操作的结果;
在执行异步操作的时候传入一个 java.nio.channels.

CompletionHandler 接口的实现类作为操作完成的回调。

服务端
TimeServer.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.server;


public class TimeServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 9090;

        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //创建异步的时间服务器处理类
        AsyncTimeServerHandler timeServer = new AsyncTimeServerHandler(port);
        //启动异步时间服务器处理类的线程
        new Thread(timeServer, "AIO-AsyncTimeServerHandler-001").start();
    }
}

AsyncTimeServerHandler.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.server;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class AsyncTimeServerHandler implements Runnable {

    private int port;
    CountDownLatch latch;
    AsynchronousServerSocketChannel asynchronousServerSocketChannel;

    public AsyncTimeServerHandler(int port) {
        this.port = port;
        try {
            //创建一个异步服务端通道 AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
            asynchronousServerSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open();
            //调用bind方法绑定监听端口,如果端口合法且没被占用,绑定成功
            asynchronousServerSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            //打印启动成功提示到控制台
            System.out.println("The time server is start in port :" + port);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //CountDownLatch作用是在完成一组正在执行的操作之前,允许当前的线程一直阻塞,在本例中我们让线程在此阻塞,防止服务端执行完成退出
        //在实际项目中不需要启动独立线程来处理AsynchronousServerSocketChannel，这里仅仅做个示例展示
        latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        doAccept(); //用于接收客户端的连接
        try {
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void doAccept(){
        //AcceptCompletionHandler 用来接收通知消息
        asynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept(this, new AcceptCompletionHandler());
    }
}

AcceptCompletionHandler.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.server;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;

public class AcceptCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, AsyncTimeServerHandler> {


    @Override
    public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel result, AsyncTimeServerHandler attachment) {
        //从attachment获取成员变量AsynchronousServerSocketChannel,然后继续调用它的accept方法.
        //当我们调用AsynchronousServerSocketChannel的accept方法后,如果有新的客户端连接接入,系统将回调我们传入的CompletionHandler示例的completed方法,表示新
        //的客户端已经接入成功,因为一个AsynchronousSocketChannel可以接收成千上万个客户端,搜易我们这里要继续调用它的accept方法,接收其他的客户端连接,最终形成
        //一个循环.每当接收一个客户读连接成功之后,再一步接收新的客户端连接
        attachment.asynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept(attachment, this);

        //链路建立成功后,服务端需要接收客户端的请求,创建ByteBuffer
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

        /**   AsynchronousSocketChannel的read方法参数解释如下:
         *  第一个参数ByteBuffer dst: 接收缓冲区,用于从异步Chanenl中读取数据包;
         *  第二个参数A attachemnt:  异步Channel携带的附件，通知回调的时候作为入参使用;
         *  第三个参数CompletionHandler: 接收通知回调的业务handler,此处用ReadCompletionHandler
         */
        result.read(buffer, buffer, new ReadCompletionHandler(result));
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, AsyncTimeServerHandler attachment) {
        exc.printStackTrace();
        attachment.latch.countDown();
    }
}

ReadCompletionHandler.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.server;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.util.Date;

public class ReadCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer> {

    private AsynchronousSocketChannel channel;

    //将AsynchronousSocketChannel 传入构造参数中,主要用于读取半包消息和发送应答，本示例不对半包读写进行具体说明
    public ReadCompletionHandler(AsynchronousSocketChannel channel) {
        if (this.channel == null) {
            this.channel = channel;
        }
    }
    @Override
    //读取到消息的处理
    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
        attachment.flip();//为后续从缓冲区读取数据做准备
        byte[] body = new byte[attachment.remaining()];
        attachment.get(body);
        try {
            String req = new String(body, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + req);
            String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(req) ? new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
            doWrite(currentTime);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void doWrite(String currentTime) {
        //对当前时间进行合法性校验
        if (currentTime != null && currentTime.trim().length() > 0) {
            byte [] bytes = currentTime.getBytes();
            ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
            writeBuffer.put(bytes);
            writeBuffer.flip();
            channel.write(writeBuffer, writeBuffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                @Override
                public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                    //如果没有发送完成,继续发送
                    if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        channel.write(buffer, buffer, this);
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                    try {
                        channel.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        //ignore on close
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
        try {
            this.channel.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

客户端

TimeClient.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.client;


public class TimeClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 9090;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        new Thread(new AsyncTimeClientHandler("127.0.0.1",port), "AIO-AsyncTimeClientHandler-001").start();
    }
}

AsyncTimeClientHandler.java

package club.wujingjian.com.wujingjian.aio.client;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class AsyncTimeClientHandler implements CompletionHandler<Void,AsyncTimeClientHandler>, Runnable {

    private AsynchronousSocketChannel client;
    private String host;
    private int port;
    private CountDownLatch latch;

    public AsyncTimeClientHandler(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            client = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        latch = new CountDownLatch(1);//创建CountDownLatch进行等待,防止异步操作没有执行完线程就退出
        //client.connect第二个参数A attach :  AsynchronousSocketChannel的附件,用于回调通知时作为入参被传递,调用者可以自定义
        //client.connect第三个参数CompletionHandler: 异步操作回调通知接口,由调用者实现
        //本例中我们第二，三个参数都是用了AsyncTimeClientHandler类本身,因为它实现了CompletionHandler接口
        client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port), this, this);
        try {
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            client.close();
        } catch (IOException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void completed(Void result, AsyncTimeClientHandler attachment) {
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
        ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
        writeBuffer.put(req);
        writeBuffer.flip();
        client.write(writeBuffer, writeBuffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    client.write(buffer,buffer,this);
                } else {
                    ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    client.read(readBuffer, readBuffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                        @Override
                        public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                            buffer.flip();
                            byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                            buffer.get(bytes);
                            String body;
                            try {
                                body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
                                System.out.println("Now is : " + body);
                            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                            try {
                                client.close();
                                latch.countDown();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                //ignore on close
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                try {
                    client.close();
                    latch.countDown();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // ignore on close
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, AsyncTimeClientHandler attachment) {
        try {
            client.close();
            latch.countDown();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // ignore on close
        }
    }
}

运行结果 Server 端

客户端: