MySQL 安装之 yum 安装

在 CentOS7 中默认安装有 MariaDB，这个是 MySQL 的分支，但为了需要，还是要在系统中安装 MySQL，而且安装完成之后可以直接覆盖掉 MariaDB。

1. 下载并安装 MySQL 官方的 Yum Repository

[root@zhouhuoc /]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的 Yum Repository;

[root@zhouhuoc /]# yum -y localinstallinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

使用 yum 安装 MySQL;

[root@zhouhuoc /]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

2. MySQL 数据库设置

编辑/etc/my.cnf 配置文件

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

# 数据存放目录
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
#端口
port = 3308
#字符集
character_set_server = utf8
#表名忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names = 1

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

启动 MySQL

[root@zhouhuoc /]# systemctl start mysqld

查看 mysql 默认密码

[root@zhouhuoc /]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

登录到 MySQL 数据库

[root@zhouhuoc ~]# mysql -uroot -p

修改初始密码

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

当密码过于简单时会报如下错误

原因是因为 MySQL 有密码设置的规范，具体是与 validate_password_policy 的值有关：

MySQL 完整的初始密码规则可以通过如下命令查看：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 密码的长度是由 validate_password_length 决定的，而 validate_password_length 的计算公式是：

validate_password_length = validate_password_number_count + validate_password_special_char_count + (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)

解决方法就是修改密码为规范复杂的密码或者修改密码规则

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

卸载 MySQL yum Repository

[root@zhouhuoc /]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch

开启 MySQL 远程登录权限

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '数据库密码';

如果已开启防火墙，则开放端口或者关闭防火墙

• 关闭防火墙

[root@zhouhuoc /]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@zhouhuoc /]# systemctl disablefirewalld

• 开放端口

[root@zhouhuoc /]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
[root@zhouhuoc /]# firewall-cmd --reload

引用自：MySQL 安装之 yum 安装